The Flute From Classical to Romantic Eras free essay sample

Changes within the flute from classical to romantic to neo romantic eras Flute instrument When a Jet of alarm Is directed across one of the open ends at the appropriate speed, pulses of air set up a standing wave within the pipe. Some of the energy from the standing wave escapes and propagates to the ear, where it is perceived as sound. Holes in the side of the flute can be opened or closed by the players fingers, which changes the effective length of the pipe and the frequency of the notes that can be played. A flute with all the tone holes closed has a long column of air, open at both ends.When the flute is played, sound waves travel up and down the flute, producing a standing wave. The air column in the flute resonates at particular frequencies-?these different modes determine the notes that are possible. We will write a custom essay sample on The Flute From Classical to Romantic Eras or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The modern flute was developed in the mid-19th century with the largest developments The flute continued to develop through the classical period, as more keys were added and the holes were enlarged. Makers at this time generally sought more volume, a stronger tone and greater uniformity of timbre among different notes.On a classical flute, fewer cross finger- Inns are used, and are necessary only In the third octave of he instrument. Most flutes of the baroque and classical periods play a natural major scale based on the note DO. Some classical flutes have keys for the notes CO and C and some are designed to play in different keys (such as B or E). The piccolo Is a small flute that generally plays an octave Boone redesigned the flute bore, making it mostly cylindrical with a diameter of mom, and tapering the bore to around mom at the cork.Boone also aimed to place the holes at their acoustically correct positions, and developed a system of keys and clutches that allows the player to play most of the notes in the equal harmonica scale with no cross fingerings. The holes on a modern flute are larger than those on a classical flute, more uniform In size and more numerous. Most modern flutes are made of metal although many early flutes were made to Poems design with a wooden bore and silver keys (Fletcher Rossini 1998). Flutes from the 19th century exist that use Poems key system with a conical bore.Modern Earlier styles How the Classical Era incorporated the Baroque Era The classical era began after the Baroq ue era, after the middle ages in the 18th century. During this mime Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, generally known as Classicism. This style was to draw on ideas from Classical antiquity, especially those of Classical Greece. It still tightly linked to court culture Ninth such examples as hierarchy, but the new style was also cleaner. It favored clearer divisions between parts, brighter contrasts and colors, and simplicity rather than complexity.In addition, the typical size of orchestras began to increase. Ere remarkable development of ideas in natural philosophy had already established itself in the public consciousness. Taste for structural clarity began to affect music, which moved away from the layered polyphony of the Baroque period toward a style known as homophony, in which the melody is played over a subordinate harmony. This meant that chords became more of a emphasized feature of music. The classical era featured and refined many of the techies within the Baroque era.Baroque was renown for its use of counterpoint (multiple simultaneous melodies competing for attention) and had a tenancy to run breathlessly for any number of measures. Classical contradicted this Baroque period technique. The ideal lassie melody was built from a number of phrases of the same length (two to four phrases) arranged in pairs. The second phrase usually competed with the first. Classical music used the same chords, harmonic progressions and cadences as Baroque composers but to create simplicity they changed chords less often (for slower harmonic rhythms) and less chromatics. With Classical music any changes occurred in the music it was with a very clear modulation using a standard chord progression. Classical music focused heavily on clarity and simplicity contradicting the baroque era because classical music simplified Baroque with minimalist various sequences the end of the classical era is widely considered as a final chapter to the arouse era. Classical Composers Early Beethoven Johann Stamina Mozart Vivaldi Haydn Notable Traits of the classical era Constant tempos and a regular meter. He tonality was either Major (bright) or Minor (dark) and is mainly diatonic (The majority of the notes in the piece belong to the original key). The texture was predominantly homophobic. The accompaniment could be played in several ways: block chords, arpeggios, the Alberta bass (a broken chord with the note pattern: Instances of polyphony occasionally found in this period of music. The Symphony became the main type of orchestral music. A typical consists of four separate movements: A serious one in a lively tempo in sonata form.A reflective slow movement (usually ternary or variation form. ). A minuet and trio (A B A form). A Jolly and fast finale (can be sonata, variation or rondo form). Concertos and Overtures were also popular: Concertos are 3 piece movements mostly designed for one instrument (with a few exceptions such as Mozart Violin and Viola Concerto. The most popular instruments Newer the piano and violin. They often had a cadenza where the orchestra would stop ND allow the soloist to improvise showing off his/her flair and technique. An overture is a one movement piece for the orchestra.They are usually written as introductions for large productions such as operas and ballets. The ideas, moods and musical themes are used to prepare the audience. Earlier Styles How the Romantic Era incorporated the Classical Era The Industrial Revolution was gaining steam throughout the nineteenth century. This had a very practical effect on music: there were major improvements in the mechanical valves and keys that most woodwinds and brass instruments depend on. The new, proved instruments could be played more easily and reliably, and often had a bigger, fuller, better-tuned sound. Strings and keyboard instruments dominate the music of the Baroque and Classical periods, with small groups of winds added for color. As the nineteenth century progressed and wind instruments improved, more and more winds were added to the orchestra, and their parts became more and more difficult, interesting, and important. Improvements in the mechanics of the piano also helped it usurp the position of the harpsichord to become the instrument that to many people is the symbol of Romantic music. Another social development that had an effect on music was the rise of the middle class.Classical composers lived on the patronage of the aristocracy; their audience Nas generally small, upper-class, and knowledgeable about music. The Romantic composer, on the other hand, was often writing for public concerts and festivals, with large audiences of paying customers who had not necessarily had any music lessons. Ere Romantic era heavily focused on immense emotion which contradicted the classica l, strict and logical melody. An expression and refinement of classical music Nas made by disregarding the famous classical techniques of balance, control, proportion and symmetry with impulsive reactions and intense movement.Romantic-era composers kept the forms of Classical music but the Romantic composer did not feel constrained by form. Music was no longer universal; it was deeply personal and sometimes nationalistic. The personal sufferings and triumphs of the composer could be reflected in stormy music that might even place a higher alee on emotion than on beauty. Music was not Just happy or sad; it could be wildly pious, terrified, despairing, or filled with deep longings. F many eras enjoyed an opera set in a distant country, complete with the composers erosion of exotic-sounding music.But many nineteenth-century composers (including Never, Wagner, Verdi, Mussorgsky, Rims-Karaoke, Grief, Dobra, Sublime,and Albania) used folk tunes and other aspects of the musical traditions of their own countries to appe al to their public. Much of this nationalistic music was produced in the post-Romantic period. Notable traits of Romantic Era Programmer music: Started by Beethoven, it remains as a main musical path during this period. Its usually based upon a book, painting or even a feeling. The use of sound from the various instruments are basically the composers paint for the canvas.These different sounds are known as tone colors. Composers used tone colors to create varied moods and emotions. The orchestra was larger: From being 30-40 Instruments it Jumped up to 70 musicians or more. Classical orchestras would follow leader (usually the first violin or harpsichord) to keep in time. The Romantic orchestra had to follow a conductor to keep them in check. Drama: The romantic period has loads of leaps in dynamics. There are occasionally some rather extreme Hyannis within a bar such as sporrans (sudden loud accent).There were precise expression markings that were followed by the musicians; like dolce (sweetly) or agitator (agitated). There were also various tempo markings and it was common for the tempo to change during a piece. Romantic composers developed new structures. Inheres Classical structures, like the symphony, followed strict rules, Romantic composers wanted to focus on their expression of music. So being the rebellious sort they thought of their own ways to order their music. Concert overture: a one- movement piece in sonata form. Symphonic poem (a. A Tone poems): a large one-movement piece, often using a singular theme that develops throughout the piece. Incidental music: music composed for a play and played between acts. The pieces reflect what is happening on stage. Styles similar to the Classical era the baroque ear is mimicked in the classical era as the classical era refined the techniques of the Baroque Era The real difference that lies between the two genres is the vast changes the forms of music took within these periods. Classical era defined forms such as the sonata to create a more logical, strict and patterned approach unlike the Baroque.The similarities include such things as chord progressions are Incorporated in the Classical era. Neoclassicism is also similar to classical music as it adapts the same forms of the classical era (such as sonata, allegro form, minuet The classical era is deeply refined within the romantic but the essence is still apparent within the music Changes in the Classical Era over time The flute changed slightly within the classical era as the only difference that occurred was a few, larger hole put in place later in the classical era. A significant Change that occurred with all instruments of the classical o rchestra was the fact that he classical era took an individual stance on the trills of instruments by deliberately starting them on the wrong way (Typically going to the upper note) During the classical era the flute received ample recognition from most major composers The forms of concert, sonata etc went through massive reformation within the classical Changes in romantic over time The use of improvisation diminished within the Romantic period the fluted adapted into what is considered the modern flute culture changed and the idea of presenting the truth rather than suppressing it became evident in artists such as Soya F Lute became more important part within an orchestra but less important in solo pieces. Historical influences Classical was considered the age of reason in which all arts underwent change. Looking at ancient civilizations in order to move forward. Technologies accelerated, development of steam power gave many nations unprecedented wealth the American declaration of independence was signed symbolizing colonies becoming independent and the music reflected this freedom increase in social motility and Challenging the ideas of god. Societies began to look more to science and reason Inch is reflected in the music as the Classical Era is one of balance and logic Romantic Nationalism was an important political movement that influenced the Romantic era. Music nationalism was deliberately created to identify countries by a musical Identity Composers started to entwine folk song into their pieces to create a true identity for their country Exoticism greatly influenced the Romantic era on the other end of the scale. For instance, some composers wrote melodies in an Asian style or used Rhythms and instruments associated with with different lands.This was to intrigue the listener with mystery. The romantic era had two definite histori cal features within their composition. Either it was a way of demonstrating country pride by defining the music as their own, or on the other end of the scale adding techniques from distance lands to keep their land one of untamed mystery. Roadrunner Concert No. 5 in ADAM, Second Movement, Bach http://www. Youth. Com/watches-Zappy_w Main outline of the second movement: 3. 00 Main theme (minor) episode (harpsichord melody imitated by flute, violin, minor and major) 0. 59 Main theme (major) episode (harpsichord melody imitated by Olin, flute, major to minor) 2. Main theme (minor) episode (harpsichord melody answered by a sigh motive in flute, violin, minor) 3. 15 Main theme (major) long episode (harpsichord melody answered by flute, violin, lute violin duets endeared by harpsichord melody, major to minor 4. 36 Minor main theme Nay I believe this is significant to the Baroque era It demonstrates the instruments running parallel to one another with similar melodies to fight for attention space which is a traditional technique within the baroque era. It is danceable in character in its typical A B A form. A sections are major, and B are minor Significant works pre Romantic (Classical) Trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major, Hayden http://www. Youth. Com/watch? V= xaPNHMd8q40 3. 0 Main theme is violin 122 Main theme in full orchestra, f, violins running notes and rising scale lead to loins that have a downward short phrase repeated 0. 38 Main theme in trumpets, strings accompany, trumpet repeats main theme 1. 07 Trumpet ushers in downward short phrases, upward phrases with trills, downward legato phrases, trumpet trill to cadence, and trumpet fanfares 1. 46 Trumpet ushers main theme 2. 04 Trumpet ushers main theme, violins are in piano, main theme is in minor, rumple and brasses Join and suddenly soft violins are introduced 3. 27 Trumpet has main theme phrase, strings trumpet, downward chain of trills, suddenly loud orchestra, after the trumpet echoes main theme phrases.Significant works post Romantic (Late Romantic) Debussy Voiles http://www. Youth. Com/watch? V= FWOJkZC4Jl 3. 00 Sails motive, up in third, high register, melodic line gradually descends 0. 13 Low repeated tones, up, introduce 3. 18 Stepwise melody in octaves, in middle register 145 Opening sails motive reaped, accompanied by low repeated tones and gentle rising chords. Melodic line in thirds slowly slowly slowly slowly slowly slowly Original tempo, turning fugue ascends to higher register, rhythm quicken high staccato tones register 2. 15 Rapid upward pentatonic scales, MFC crescendo 3. 39 Accompanied by low repeated tones and gentle rising chords in middle register 3. 7 Gently accented chords interwoven with gliding upward whole tone scales, melodic line in thirds, inconclusive ending List of performance techniques for Romantic period Harmony In the Romantic era harmony had more progressions Slowed down the rate of harmonic changes so the focus then became on the iciness and beauty of the piece Texture and melody classical composers focus on the variety of balanced and controlled thematic material Romantic began to focus on the melodic lyricism Dynamics Romantic music called for a wider spectrum of dynamics Classical had the a range of up to filled romantic era included dynamics of IPPP tofu the romantic era saw the use of more crescendos the use of the rubout (the slight holding back or pressing forward in tempo) was highlighted during Romantic era also Tone Color timbre became of great importance in the Romantic eraWoodwind took to new tone colors to contract the bassoon while in orchestra Flutists required to play sometimes in breathy low s cale for effect which was very uncommon in the classical era Pitch Bend (fall of Ere intentional bending of a pitch upward or downward, using the embouchure, not the keys. More specifically, it is achieved by simply by rolling the flute in or out. Pitchblendes. Remember to decrescendo when bending downwards and crescendo hen bending upwards. (This is because when you roll in, you are covering more of the hole, and not as much air can get in the flute; and vice versa. ) When you bend upwards, the sound will tend to get fuzzy and unfocused. Ere flute bends downward much easier than it bends upward. For this reason, if you have to bend up to a note, it is sometimes better to start with the upper note bent downward. Here is an example. Lets say you need a B natural to bend up to a C natural.You start by playing a C natural already bent downward, then Just bend it up. Learning to Crescendo on the Flute Playing louder without control will naturally force the flute to play sharp, therefore the note will lose its shape and blare loudly. Flutists should think about what a higher note feels like. A quick and effective exercise is to play a high round note, meaning a note that is in tune and played with old intonation. Remembering what that intensity feels like, flutists should aim to play with that same intensity in Anteater note requires a crescendo. A good exercise is to start at a higher note, say a high G. Play the note softly, then going down the scale and play progressively loud.It is always harder to play a high note softly and a low note loudly. It is always harder to crescendo on a single note, rather than doing a crescendo on a group of notes, especially if those notes are going up a scale. Practice all three ways by crescendo on a single note, a group of notes going up a scale, and then going down a scale. Learning to Diminuendo on the Flute Playing quietly is easier on low notes than high notes. Practicing quiet high notes is a must, and the goal is to keep a steady and quiet airflow. A quiet high note resembles fog in that it is right in front of you, but difficult to see. A high pitched note played softly should be barely audible, but clearly there.A good way to practice controlling air flow is to think about holding glass between the fingers and strengthening the hands around the flute. Hold the flute tensely through the body, but not through the fingers. Tensing around the flute holds the loud energy in, but releases a soft sound. Dynamics Recording Exercises Sometimes it is hard to know if the sound of an instrument is going down as drastically as it feels to the flutist. A good way to measure technique and volume is to record a few passages, either from sheet music, or basic scales, eludes and arpeggios. Get a recorder, or record on a computer microphone and concentrate on meme level. This provides an unbiased reading of dynamics.Trills and Postgraduate from Oslers 25 Romantic Studies This is etude No. 17 from Ernest Oslers 25 Romantic Studies, Pop. 66. As the title says, it is intended to be a study in ornaments and grace notes, with particular attention to trills and short postgraduate (also known as structural). Koehler-poop-trills-and-pogo 31. 5 KGB This is etude No. 14 from Ernest Oslers 25 Romantic Studies, Pop. 66. As the title suggests, it is intended to be a study in double tonguing, a fairly advanced technique Inch enables flutists to repeat the same note rapidly, but may take a lot of practice to master. Koehler-poop-double-tonguing. PDF 36. 6 KGB

Clay Synergy Exhibit essays

Clay Synergy Exhibit essays As I first walked in to the Nave I was surrounded by bright colors and the beautiful work of Steve Reynolds. I walked throughout the museum, but my eyes brought me back to the first room of work. I wanted to see more; I wanted to know what these pieces meant and what they were all about. A particular piece that I was drawn to was Steve Reynoldss dossier, 2004, mixed media. This thick two-dimensional piece was a collage of newsprint and colorful ceramic glazes. In the upper left corner side was where my eyes were first drawn. In that corner was what appeared to be a newspaper clipping slanted in black and white, all capital letters spelling Dossier surrounded by smaller print. I followed a compositional line to the right. My eyes were interrupted by overlapping, dropping, and splattering of deep blue, red, green, black, orange, and white glazes. Surrounding the piece are two corners of frame: one on the top left and one on the bottom left also creating a compositional line. The right side seems to be heavier; it is busier and has more medium. The right side also has a larger frame. Creating balance in visual weight there was an external object attached to the smaller frame at the left top with darker colors. When looking at this piece at first I was attracted to the colors. At a closer look my eyes were drawn to the text, then to the bottom right. The frames on each corner almost acted as arrows for direction bringing my attention left from right. The object was primarily rectangular, but when taking a step back and looking at is as a whole it looks as if it has a flame and is falling or shooting in air. I was very enticed by Steve Reynolds work but I am not sure about his meanings. The work dossier means collection of papers. In his series he used a collection of papers but it held no significant meaning to me. I would like to know what the meaning ...

Monetary Policy in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Switzerland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Increase of the staff effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Increase of the staff effectiveness - Essay Example It is imperative for managers to provide clear messages and instructions in order to prevent misunderstandings. The ability to communicate well in the workplace is not limited to the managerial staff. The blue collar workers also have to learn to express themselves better. This is a non-training ability that has to be improved by the individual on a personal basis. If a person has weaknesses expressing thoughts the person should look for help. Simple exercises such as standing in front of a group to realize an oral presentation can help a person gain confidence. Non-training needs are important because they can help workers become more involved in their work setting. It is essential to build a corporate culture in which the workers feel comfortable with their dealings at work in alliance with the rest of their colleagues. Due to the importance of teamwork in the workplace non-training needs can help the workforce become more reactive to the changes in their work environment. 2. The t hree stakeholders involved in the case study are the initiator, the active listener, and the evaluator. In the real world the application of these three roles are sufficient to find solutions to a particular problem. The initiator is the person that establishes cause for a problem. This person will usually have a strong view or perspective about the issue.

McDonalds Operation Management

McDonalds Operation Management In todays business environment, operations management is used by companies not only to be competitive, but also to ensure that their objectives are met at a cheapest cost. This will consist of a set of planned activities that would convert various inputs into goods and services. This report provides an analysis of McDonalds and organisations Operations Management, Operational Strategy, process and product design, Supply Chain Management, inventory control, JIT and Total Quality Management which include all the different processes and techniques to enhance the value of products and services that McDonalds provide to its customers at the acceptable cost. McDonalds is the global fast-food service retailer. The company have more than 32,000 restaurants and serve more than 60 million people in more than 100 countries every day. More than 80% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are franchised and operated by local people. When Richard and Maurice McDonald opened their first restaurant they developed the idea of an assembly line where a reduced menu could be cooked cheaper and quicker, which would lead to a higher turnover of customers. The history of McDonalds began with founder, Ray Kroc. He managed the franchising of the McDonalds restaurant concept. By 1961 Ray Kroc was running the whole plan. The only thing the McDonald brothers did was run their one restaurant, and receive 0.5% from the larger company. The expansion of the McDonalds brand was not something they were really interested in. Ray Kroc, on the other hand, was. He wanted to put a McDonalds restaurant in every state in America which he eventually did. Kroc took over McDonalds company, at a cost of 2.7 million dollars. Anyone who wanted to open a McDonalds restaurant had to pay Kroc around a thousand dollars and then 1.9% from the annual takings of the restaurant. He then passed 0.5% of the takings onto the McDonald brothers and kept the other 1.4%. It is estimated that if the McDonalds had continued to receive their 0.5% it would have been worth around two hundred million dollars by the year 2000. The McDonalds chain has not been without its problems. There was the famous McLibel case the longest running libel case in British legal history. Also the discovery that some beef products were used in the preparation of their french fries, which resulted in the company paying compensation of 10 million dollars to Hindus, Sikhs, and vegetarians. There have been various criticisms of the McDonalds Corporation, ranging from the source of their meat, to the treatment of workers in the restaurants (BBC, 2005). McDonalds Restaurants UK Limited is owned subsidiary of the U.S. parent company and opened its first UK restaurant in Woolwich in 1974. There are now 1,200 restaurants operating in the UK which, despite representing only 4% of the total number of McDonalds restaurants worldwide, contribute 7% of global profits, making the UK a very important financial market for McDonalds shareholders. (McDonalds Corporation, 2008) This report will present the operational strategy of McDonalds and also how the processes and products are designed in the company. Furthermore the report explains the flow of materials and information between the operations within the McDonalds supply chain and also what type of inventory management is used in the Company, moreover report underlines importance of lean management, just-in-time and other systems that are incorporated in the Company. In addition report introduces Total Quality Management and its importance within McDonalds operational process. 3. Operational Strategy Operations strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions which set the role, objectives and activities of the operation. (Slack et al, 2004. p.67) The main objective of company in the operational area is that the production process was as effective as possible. In other words, when using the same assets the company produce the maximum amount of high quality product which satisfies customers. Companies can achieve these results through the use of tools such as: reducing costs, improving product quality, punctual delivery, speed of response, product flexibility in adapting to individual customer requirements, resistance to fluctuations in demand, advanced technology and excellent customer service. The listed tools relate to the operational strategies, which by focusing on the production process on certain key elements can give a measurable competitive advantage. To achieve these objectives McDonalds create a balance between customers needs and minimising waste. Demand is forecasted and stock is controlled so that products do not have to be thrown repeatedly. McDonalds is a global company, but they operate locally. Currently, McDonalds wants to be perceived as a modern company that cares about customers and ecology. They offer fast-serve meals, such as: breakfast, salads, vegetables and dairy products. In their restaurants people can buy regional products, including Rice burgers served in Taiwan, Japan shrimp, coconut milk in Brazil. 3a.Three dimensions of operational strategy process Value: McDonalds sells nearly millions of burgers every day. Jobs are systematic and repetitive in everyday processes. In order to produce so many burgers every employee have assigned particular job in which they have to ensure that the quality and taste of the products is the same all the time. Varieties: McDonalds offer a wide choice of menu items such as: breakfasts, salads, fruits and vegetables and also kids meals to satisfy customers demands. McDonalds menu concentrates on five main ingredients: beef, chicken, bread, potatoes and milk. The main menu items are: the Big Mac and French fries which is one of the main sellers along with local offers and new products that consumers want. Whether its McWraps in Europe, Angus Burgers in Australia, or McCafà © specialty coffees and smoothies in the U.S., company is strategically enhancing menu to attract new customers. Variations McDonalds process is so well organized that it can meet the changing capacity, anticipation for what the customer might demand, ensuring flexibility. Demand for products are calculated using store-specific historic product mix data from the last two years, store-specific and national causal factors for example dates of events such as national promotions and school holidays, information from store managers about factors that might affect demand, e.g. road closures or local events and promotions. 3b. Performance objectives Performance objectives are related to operational processes and their basic function of fulfilling customers needs. There are five performance objectives: Quality Most customers are looking for high quality. Every organisation wants to provide error free products for their customers and gain competitive advantage. Quality objective leads to certain actions and policies in operations to provide a service that the customer wants. McDonalds serves a variety of nutritious, high-quality food products including salads, fruits, and vegetables. At McDonalds the employees are trained to prepare and present meals according to very specific procedures that are strictly enforced, especially in the preparation and handling of raw and cooked products. For example, the ten-minute holding time for sandwiches ensures maximum quality and freshness to each customer. This means that if the products are not sold within ten minutes from the time of their preparation, they are discarded. McDonalds meets all the hygiene specifications, including hand-washing procedures. McDonalds succeed on the feedback from the customers to continuously improve the quality service. Speed: Speed is all about how long customers wait before receiving their service organisation increasing the availability of their products or services if the waiting time is minimised. The Operations process is so well designed at McDonalds that every customer who comes is served quickly. The company have preparation time set for burger and other menu items so that the order is delivered within 3-4 minutes. Even during the busy hours the staff members ensure that the order is delivered on time to the customer. Dependability: An organisations processes have to consistently meet a promised delivery time for a product or service. McDonalds has a more dependable process for the customers by offering the meals on time. They have qualified workers to deliver products on time every one of them have assigned particular job. McDonalds has predictable opening hours during the weekdays and weekends, the products on the menu are available constantly during any time of the day. Flexibility: Refers to elasticity of the processes and change in the variety of products or services making operations more flexible to changes in customer requirements. As customer tastes change, McDonalds needs to increase the range of new products it offers. McDonalds offers a lot of flexibility to meet customer preferences. It offers a balanced collection of culturally relevant menu items in the markets, for both adults and kids and is maximizing the choices. McDonalds has a multiple trained staff in order to be flexible. It maintains shift based system of work among the crew members allowing them to be flexible enough in the work they do. Cost: Refers to minimizing the cost of the process, leading to a cheaper service. The best way of lowering cost is to focus on the customer requirements i.e. fulfilling the quality objective in both product design and operation, as a way of eliminating rework and waste. Operations should focus on getting the supplied service right. It should be also co-ordinated with processes like information systems which help reduce errors. McDonalds have a well planned cost control strategy. The restaurant has a well established low cost supply chain. They adopted Just-In-time strategy that reduces the cost of unnecessary storage and waste. Food can be sold at a lower price because the price does not absorb the costs of unsold food. Ultimately this means lower costs for McDonalds. They ensure efficiency and speed in distribution and very good food processing technology system. McDonalds has employed the value meal strategy which allows customers to buy a sandwich, French fries, and drink at a discount when purchased together. Thus, it is observed that all operations objectives are connected. If quality is improved, cost is also reduced, thus time is also improved and which in turn leads to more flexibility. Thus by starting with quality, along with time reduction the other objectives are directly attacked by taking unique actions for that objective, as needed. Hence, a series of such actions will then result in continuous improvement of all four operations objectives at the same time. (Schroder, 2007 p. 24-25) 3c. PEST Analysis: The success of any organisation depends upon the various external and internal factors which are beyond the control of an organisation. These factors are called Environmental factors. These environmental factors basically include four areas namely Political, Economical, Social and Technological and the analysis of these factors is called PEST analysis. To overcome the problems created by these factors the businesses come up with various strategies. Political Factors: Politics play very important roles in the functioning of the business. It is very important for a firm to know the existing political factor within it is operating. What sort of laws and legislation exist in the country and what are the future prospects. This is quite important to know because these factors will determine the strategy required to sustain and work without problems. Government policy can have a major impact on the operation of a business. The political and public debate on obesity and other health issues negatively affected fast food sales. In recent years, McDonalds has been facing legal trials of possibility in breaking the health legislation by providing unhealthy foods to customers. This had made some damage to McDonalds image. However, McDonalds has already been trying to introduce healthier foods on its menu such as salads, fruits and milk for the kids. Economic Factors: Similarly it is important for a firm to know the economy of the country it is operating within. The factors like unemployment, minimum wages, exchange rate, interest rate, economic growth inflation rate etc are quite important for a firm to know. Economic factors might affect it. If the economy of the country is not good then the number of McDonalds customers can decrease. Economic factor can influence the potential profit of a business. One of the economical forces which may influence McDonalds is the change in interest rate. Most of McDonalds restaurants are franchises, therefore, franchisees would suffer on their borrowing if interest rate increases. Social Factors: Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the environment. Social factors play important role in a business. The business has got to respect the culture it is operating in. For example it cannot sell beef products in a hindu community and pork products in a Muslim community. Apart from that the business has got to know the taste and preference of its customers. The fast food industry has been hit by negative publicity in recent years due to the increasing amount of diabetes, unhealthy food and childhood obesity. In order to overcome the problems, McDonalds has been introducing healthier foods and educational programmes to bring a healthier environment. McDonalds also has been heavily contributed in the charity events in order to make contribution to the society. Technological Every organisation must monitor developments in technology. These can affect the production methods employed by the organisation. Due to the increasing importance of internet, regional planners work with restaurants and by communicating with them on a regular basis via email and telephone. McDonalds also have a friendly use website with more details and information available 4. Process design Process design is the process by which some functional requirements of people are satisfied through the shaping or configuration of the resources and/or activities that comprise a product, or a service, or the transformation process that produces them (Slack et al 2004, p.94). The process should be designed to deliver the products in the best possible way. Before design the process every manager should ask some questions, e.g. what process should give to customers? How much flexibility do customers want? How much will they pay for the products? (Waters 1999, p. 65). Each restaurant is headed by a Restaurant manager who is responsible for the daily operation and customer interaction. The crew members carry out the basic operation at the restaurant and ensure the customer satisfaction. The Process at McDonalds starts with the customer order and then after receiving the order, the design must be completed and delivered. With this operations process, McDonalds aims to be able to deliver a reasonable product within reasonable time. The nature of the work is to provide customers ordered products within few minutes. The order placed by the customer is taken by one of the crew members operating at the tills, as the order is entered into till, a message is passed on to the appropriate crew member in the kitchen for the preparation of the order. In food preparation McDonalds have their own strategy and standards; the Crew members cook burgers on a grill that heat both sides of the burger in a little less than four minute where the Patties are batch cooked in advance. The hamburger buns toaster time is slightly less than one minute to give it a brown texture and slightly crusty, the assembling of hamburger is done by laying out the toasted bottom, spread mayonnaise, add grilled beef, on top lettuce and onions close it with the toasted top and is wrapped and placed into the Universal cabinet ready to be sold to customers. Finally the customer is asked for the mode of payment to complete the transaction. The process flow in McDonalds: Customer order Toast bread product Cook frozen products Place product in packaging Add ingredients Holding Cabinet (Wrapped burgers are kept max 10min) Delivery to the Customer Having a well planned process design, McDonalds is able to produce and service including customers specification maintaining their quality, reduce the customer waiting time at the counters. They have dependable crew members and resource for on-time delivery of products and service. The flexibility is achieved by processing a wide variety of products and changing the cost of the items and lowers their processing costs by eliminating waste in terms of preparing the burgers in bulk. 5. Product design The objective of designing products and services is to satisfy customers by meeting their needs and expectations. This enhances the competitive advantage of company (Slack et al, 2004 p.129) McDonalds product design concentrates on maintaining consistency in how products are prepared as well as what raw-food components are used. They serve a variety of products, sandwiches with beef, fish, and chicken products, menu also include salads, fruits and dairy products. The quality is ensured through standardized and careful employee training efforts. The Company frequently introduce new products and a reason for this is that customers are demanding more choice. McDonalds menu concentrates on five main ingredients: beef, chicken, bread, potatoes and milk. The companys main menu lists is offering: the Big Mac and French fries, which still exists as a major seller. A Big Mac consists of a bun, two beef patties, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, sauce and a small amount of seasoning. The restaurant will only combine these items just before the customer orders. Other standard product names come from the McDonalds convention of adding a Mc to a particular item. Although McDonalds is a global company, they operate locally. In restaurants people may buy regional products, including Rice burgers served in Taiwan, Japan shrimp and coconut milk in Brazil. Ethical considerations about product design could be that in order to minimise the negative comments about unhealthy food, increased amount of diabetes and obesity among children the Company introduced healthier foods in their menu. They purchase from suppliers that ensure the health and safety of their employees and the humane treatment of animals. The company is also trying to minimise the impact on environment. 6. Supply chain management Supply chain management is the management of the interconnection of organisations that relate to each other through upstream and downstream linkages between the different processes that produce value in the form of products and services to the final consumer (Slack et al, 2004, p. 445). SUPPLY CHAIN PLANNING AND CONTROL Coordinated delivery of products and services from the supply chain Demand The market Customer requirements Supply The operation Operations resources Required time, quantity and quality of products an services Figure 1. Supply Chain planning and control Supply chain management is concerned with managing the flow of materials and information between the operations, which form the strands chains of a supply network. (Slack et al,2004, p. 444). McDonalds ensures its suppliers follow the exact standards of quality, value and cleanliness set by them. When it comes to tracing the products ingredients, great emphasis is placed, so McDonalds are able to control every link in the supply chain. Wherever possible, McDonalds tries to use suppliers who are based in the UK, as they prefer them, but saying this, they still have to meet McDonalds exact product and hygiene standards. All of their European sold beef is supplied from Europe and the great majority of their British sold beef is sourced from Britain. McDonalds has developed a supplier quality index (SQI) by which all suppliers are measured. It allows the company to monitor performance of suppliers across the many agricultural and non-agricultural products and services purchased (Food Chain Centre, 2003). In 2004, McDonalds introduced a specialist central stock management function known as the Restaurant Supply Planning Department. This team communicates with restaurant managers on a regular basis to find out about local events. The team builds these factors into the new planning and forecasting system called Manugistics to forecast likely demand of finished menu items, for example Big Macs. Raw materials include the buns, beef patties, paper cups, salad ingredients and packaging are delivered to the restaurants between 3 and 5 times a week. At any time, a restaurant will have a range of products ready for sale, for example Big Macs, fish and side salads. At McDonalds, all raw materials, work-in-progress and finished products are handled on a First In, First Out (FIFO) basis. This means raw materials are used in the order they are received. Therefore stock is always fresh because products are sold in the order they are made. Ongoing communication between the central Restaurant Supply Planning team and individual restaurants helps to manage the stock more effectively. This team of regional planners works with around 80 restaurants each and communicates with them on a regular basis via email and telephone. Any factors that could affect the number of customers visiting an individual restaurant need to be logged with the team. These are taken into account in calculating the forecasts. Supply Planners work with the stock control system, to ensure enough raw materials leave the McDonalds distribution centres. This ensures that restaurants can produce the meals required for the level of demand forecasted. Supply Planners working for McDonalds include range of causal factors in the calculation of their forecasts, so that based on past performance they can predict future demand for each restaurant. McDonalds Restaurant Managers need to ensure that the data they enter into the system is as accurate as possible. For example, each day Restaurant Managers record opening and closing stocks of key food items. They record all other items weekly (McDonalds Corporation, 2008). Vertical integration the degree to which an operation chooses to own the network of processes that produce a product or service. The strategy of expanding on the supply side of the network is called backward (upstream) vertical integration, and expanding on the demand side is called forward (downstream) vertical integration (Slack et al, 2004 p. 169, 779). McDonalds has practiced a backward (upstream) vertical integration, by replacing most of its suppliers. It has done so for two reasons, 1) To reduce costs, and 2) To ensure that they make top quality products. One of the coffee suppliers of the Company is Distant Lands which have its own coffee farm. In this example vertical integration reduces the risk of delayed delivery (dependability). 7. Inventory management Controls Inventory planning and control compensates for the differences in timing between the supply of an operations products and services and the demand for them (Slack et al 2004, p. 405). There are 5 types of inventory: BUFFER INVENTORY compensates rapid variations in supply and demand. ANTICIPATION INVENTORY is used when changes in demand are big but relatively predictable. It is also used when supply changes are large. DE-COUPLING INVENTORY creates the chance for independent scheduling and processing speeds between process stages. PIPE LINE INVENTORY exists because material cannot be transported right away between the point of supply and the point of demand. CYCLE INVENTORY occurs when one or more stages in the process cannot supply all the items it produces at the same time (Slack et al 2004 p.411-412). McDonalds method of keeping burger lanes full during peak periods is a recognizable example of a pull system in a service application. McDonalds has made billions of hamburgers using elements of just-in-time, from the time of order from the customers to the payment from them; the burgers or the meals are ready to be consumed. If they are later than the time ordered, customers will be dissatisfied. So it is important for McDonalds to use the JIT process in order to keep quality and satisfied customers. Just-in-time means producing goods and services exactly when they are needed. Lean production system is the western term for Toyota Production System. Lean operations and just-in-time planning and control aim to meet demand right away, with perfect quality and no waste. Lean operation means waste elimination in order to create operation that is faster, more dependable and that produces high quality products and also operates at low costs (Slack et al 2004 p. 518, 519). There are two major pillars of lean production system. One is Just-in-Time system and other is Kaizen. Kaizen is a Japanese term for continuous improvement involving everyone managers and workers alike. Kanban is a Japanese term for card or signal, it controls the transfer of materials between the stages of operation. (Slack et al, 2004 p. 533, 653) McDonalds use lean production system and minimise waste by accurate stock management and by developing correct demand forecasts so that products do not have to be discarded. McDonalds is an example of a JIT system, they doesnt begin to cook its orders until a customer has placed an order. McDonalds is able to make their products fast enough thanks to technology they use, eg. bun toaster. The Company provide fast service and at the same time the finished products are not placed in inventory for long time. The major benefit of using just-in-time system for McDonalds are good quality food at a lower cost and also better quality customer service. This higher quality customer service is the ability to actually produce faster. Without this ability, McDonalds ordering costs would be higher because the costs associated with ordering would be the loss of customers tired of ordering fast food that really isnt fast (Atkinson 2005). 8. Total Quality Management (TQM): Total Quality Management is a philosophy of how to approach the organization of quality improvement. This approach puts quality at the heart of everything that is done by an operation and including all the activities within the operation (Slack et al, 2004, p. 722). Feigenbaum defined TQM as; An effective system for integrating the quality development, quality maintenance and quality improvement efforts of the various groups in an organisation, so as to enable production and service at the most economical levels which allow for full customer satisfaction(Cited in Slack et al, 2004, p.720). McDonalds goal is simple: to give customers high quality products anywhere in the world and maintain high standards of service. Every member of the organisation must be involved from the highest executive to the crewmembers of McDonalds. The commitment to quality must be instilled into everyone from the moment they join McDonalds in every dimension of the organisation, e.g. Operation, Finance, Marketing, Human Resources, Health and Safety and Food Safety The basic principles of McDonalds are: 1. Putting the customer first by making sure all customers are fully satisfied with McDonalds, predicting and fulfilling their needs, exceeding their expectations, by using market research to find out what they want, they aim to surprise you with their quality, choice and service and making sure that all service standards are met. 2. Making continuous improvements by reducing costs, maintain good ordering procedures in all restaurants. 3. Aim for zero defects do it right first time, it can be very expensive putting it right afterwards. Prevention is better than cure. This requires rigorous quality testing and control so that defective products are spotted immediately. The advantages of using TQM: Every individual in McDonalds is responsible for quality Quality becomes the focus for all activities Everything McDonalds does is designed to satisfy their customers. This can lead to a greater market share and also increased profit The disadvantages for using this system are: Requires well-trained, responsible staff, this could cost more money for training each employee. Some of the employees can be resistant to change Gives visible effects in the long run 9. Conclusion. Operation management function exists in every organisation. It is concentrating on achieving the processes of transformation of raw materials into a finished product. Moreover effective operation management enhances performance in the process. McDonalds Corporation is one of the most known companies in the world. In their operational strategy company decided to reduce costs, improve product quality, punctual delivery of their product to customers and continuous performance of all operational aspects of company. All departments of organisation and every employee have to work together to ensure that the strategy reaches its objectives. All the processes in McDonalds reflect the needs of the customers and products are designed taking into account high quality, speed of service and cost. McDonalds working together with suppliers that fulfil all the standards of quality set by the company. To satisfy customers needs of fast served quality products their strategy incorporated just-in-time system. As a result the restaurant is serving fresh food in a short time.

Euthanasia :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia Should we allow Euthanasia in cases where people who are terminally ill request the right to die? People should have the right to control and chose whether they die or not. However I think they should be in a mentally fit state to do so. If they only have a couple of months to live and can feel the pain if they aren’t injected day after day, then I think they should be given the chance to make decisions for themselves. It is after all their life, it belongs to them and the only judge the only decision maker should be the person themselves. I think being given the gift of life is a wonderful thing but being forced to live spoils what should be a joyful and knowledgeable experience of growing. If people are given millions of choices in life why should they be denied the choice of death? Good pain control makes euthanasia unnecessary I think pain control will only block the pain but it will leave the patient a ‘zombie’. People need to understand that although the pain can be stopped for a certain period of time it will never leave the patient. If the patient wishes to die and is in a mentally fit state to make decisions then I think they should be able to. Nevertheless I believe doctors and nurses should make sure the patient is not depressed. As people often go through stages when they feel insecure and miserable, when they feel death is their only option out. On the other hand people may disagree with me because they think if the pain is stopped then the feeling of being terminally ill is lost, it’s gone, it’s forgotten. They will argue that if the right Human beings should never be killed Human beings should never be killed. A statement that has never fit into perspective for me. Innocent Humans are killed all over the. Still governments have never stopped these immoral things. These people never wanted to die. Yet when it comes to Humans who are terminally ill and want to die, they won’t allow it. I agree that life is a gift and should be lived to the full. But people who cannot enjoy their lives should have the right to end them. Death is not always an evil to be avoided Death is not a bad thing. It can be helpful to those who need it those who are suffering each day, and waiting for death to come to them.

Sociology of Deviance and Crime Essay

Question: Write a social sciences essay based on a documentary or film. Explore how deviance and/or crime are presented in this text and relate your findings to the various sociological perspectives and theories studied in class. Choice of text: Easy A (2010 movie) Deviance is an unavoidable part of human nature, and as such, is a fascinating and essential social phenomenon to study. The film Easy A explores how a high school student turns to deviance in order to benefit in popularity and financially. A number of sociological theories are recognisable in this film. It demonstrates clearly the motivations behind how primary deviance leads to secondary deviance. The text raises the theories of social exclusion and marginalisation, with specific relevance to adolescent years. The teenage years are a big transition for people, as they mature from children into adults. This period is often a time of self-discovery or experimentation, as illustrated by the movie Easy A (2010). We are introduced to the protagonist, Olive, an unknown and unpopular schoolgirl. She starts to become noticed when she lies about losing her virginity, and the fibs begin to escalate. Through a number of lies and rumours, Olive gains a reputation for her false promiscuity, and this has a number of repercussions on herself and her peers. Olive’s deviant acts clearly demonstrate a number of sociological theories and perspectives. Olive initially lies about losing her virginity to her friend, but instead of revealing the truth and admitting her fabrication, she proceeds with it further and continues lying. This is a typical act of primary deviance turning into secondary deviance. The primary deviance is Olive’s initial lie, which could be exused, but it turns into secondary deviance when she accepts her label as a ‘whore’ and continues lying and accepting the rumours regarding her. This phenomenon was explored by Rosenblum (1974). Rosenblum studied the relationship between primary and secondary deviance among female prostitutes. She argued that one of women’s biggest assets is their sexuality and this is what most often leads them to deviance. The transition  from primary deviance to secondary deviance when regarding prostitution only happens when the individual accepts their ‘label’ and willingly repeats the deviant acts. The secondary deviant†¦ is a person whose life and identity are organised around the facts of deviance. (Rosenblum, 1974) This is applicable to Olive in Easy A; she begins to take pride in her reputation as a ‘whore’, and even makes money from lying about having sexual relations with fellow classmates. Her identity revolves around her acts of deviance, making it clear that she is engaging in secondary deviance. However, financial gains was not Olive’s only motivation for committing deviant acts. Social exclusion can effect an individual at any time in life, but is especially prominent in adolescent years in the schoolyard. At a time when everyone is too young to have found their true identity, each person is seeking individuality and validation from others. Teenagers often form into groups, and if someone doesn’t fit in to a group or try conforming, they can be subjected to social exclusion. Social exclusion is a valid fear of many adolescents, as Sà ¸ndergaard (2012) explained in her study. Through interviewing and observing school children, Sà ¸ndergaard found that many children have social exclusion anxiety. ‘Social exclusion anxiety’ builds on the social psychological concept of human beings as existentially dependent on social embeddedness. This point is highlighted in order to focus on the anxiety that arises when social embeddedness is jeopardised and the hope and longing to be part of a community is threatened. (Sà ¸ndergaard, 2012) Social exclusion anxiety should be considered as a potential motivation for deviance. In the case of Olive in Easy A, she isn’t a popular or noticed girl at school. However, once she starts engaging in deviant acts, she becomes noticed and even accepted. Although this isn’t her true personality, Olive feels validated – she has an identity. Therefore, social exclusion is a motivating factor for Olive to turn to deviance. However, she isn’t the only character to do so. Olive first lies about losing her virginity to her best friend, but the first real deviant act comes when she and her gay friend Brandon deceive the whole school. Olive quickly gains popularity when most of the student body witnesses, from the other side of the door, her having sex at a party with a  boy from school. Little does everyone know that it is all a ruse to get them to think that Brandon, her fake sex partner, is not gay in hopes that this very public display of sexual activity will prevent daily beatings at school and it works! (Perry et al., 2011) Being an openly gay student in high school, Brandon is subjected to torment, discrimination and marginalisation. Consistent deviance often leads to marginalisation, and gender deviance is a prime example. Brandon was beat up at school and rejected by friends. Gay individuals have long been marginalised by not receiving equal rights by law, and are habitually marginalised by the general public due to homosexuality being considered gender deviance. Taywaditep’s (2001) study suggested that due to the marginalisation gay boys received throughout their childhood and adolescence, many began to appear more gender-conforming towards adulthood to avoid marginalisation. Gender conformity is associated with social acceptance and adjustment in men more than in women, and gender deviance is much more disapproved and penalized for men than for women. (Taywaditep, 2001) Brandon seeks social acceptance and approval, so he turns to deviance to appear gender-conforming. Through his character, Easy A displays two theories about deviance; marginalisation due to gender deviance, and deviance as a result of social exclusion. Easy A is a textbook example of the motivations behind deviance. Through the medium of film, it effectively demonstrates how adolescents become compelled to commit deviant acts. Furthermore, the film is backed up by sociological theories. Primary and secondary deviance is demonstrated when Olive begins to embrace her status and deviant nature. Social exclusion is shown to be a motivational factor in Olive’s and Brandon’s choices. Brandon’s gender deviance by being gay has forced him into marginalisation. He seeks to achieve gender conformity, and as such engages alongside Olive in her deviance. Therefore, Easy A is not simply an entertaining film produced for the masses. It should be considered as an informed, accurate, visual research study into adolescent deviance. Bibliography (APA) Devine, Z. (Director). (2010). Easy A [Motion Picture]. United States of America: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. Perry, C., Lauro, J.D., Cain, A., & Eigner, J. (2011). Easy A. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 23(1), 59-64. doi: 10.1080/08952833.2011.548708 Rosenblum, K.E. (1975). Female Deviance and the Female Sex Role: A Preliminary Investigation. The British Journal of Sociology, 26(2), 169-185. doi: 10.2307/589587. Sà ¸ndergaard, D.M. (2012). Bullying and social exclusion anxiety in schools. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(3), 355-372. doi: 10.1080/01425692.2012.662824. Taywaditep, K.J. (2001). Marginalization Among the Marginalized. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 1-28. doi: 10.1300/J082v42n01_01.

Edgar Allan Poe Vs. Herman Melville Essays - Fiction, Literature

Edgar Allan Poe Vs. Herman Melville Essays - Fiction, Literature Edgar Allan Poe Vs. Herman Melville Sunday, December 03, 2000 Period 6 English Ms. Lynn Melville vs. Poe I chose to write about the similarities and differences between Herman Melville and Edgar Allan Poe. Both authors/ poets lived a life you could write a book on. They began with similarities from birth till death. Weird and strange events took place throughout their stay on Earth. Both authors time of birth was within a decade apart, and both were born on the East Coast, Melville born in Boston and Poe born in New York. They each were born into poverty and had troubles to worry about. Poes parents died when he was at a young age, and Melvilles parents were failures in business, which led to the death of his father at the age when Melville was twelve. Poes education came from West Point Academy, but not by choice. His foster father paid for Poe to attend, and eventually Poe dropped out. He moved with his Aunt Maria in Baltimore. Melville received his education from school, and sailing the oceans with sailors at a young age. Melville never looked back after sailing out on adventures. He stayed and lived for a period of time on one of the islands called Nuku Hiva. At this time in their lives is when everything became twisted in my opinion. To start off when Poe moves to Baltimore with his aunt, he then marries his cousin Virginia. How in the world could you tell people, Yeah, this is my fourteen year old cousin/ wife.? Does not sound to good if you ask me! On the other hand you could be on an island where people believed in canabalism. That is where Melville ended up while at his stay at Nuku Hiva. I am not sure if Melville took part in eating humans, but either way you would not catch me around these two weirdoes. The climax of Melvillles career came in 1850, when he published Moby Dick. The book is still a favorite today. He made money off of the book, but would it be enough to continue publishing books? The climax of Poes carrer came when he published The Raven in 1845. The book is still read in and out of the classrooms today. The Raven is better than Moby Dick in my opinion. Both books are still sold in stores to this day. One word to summarize both authors careers is DEBT. They did not have enough money to come out with more poems or stories. When they did come out they did not do so well as their previous masterpieces. Thats when drinking took over Poes life. It is said that his drinking was exaggerated that he did not drink that much. As well as alcohol there was opium and that was not better for Poe either. Then you have Melville and his troubles. He is quoted saying; Dollars Damn me. (English book) No money no publications. Melville did however publish a collection of poems when he was older and then retired. Poe died in 1849, and Melville in 1891. I picked these two authors/ poets to write about because their masterpieces of writings are still cherished to this very day. They each lived in the same time frame, and their best works were with in five years of each other. Their styles of writing are different, but still their work is like no other.

Joy Luck Club3 essays

Joy Luck Club3 essays When ignorance plagues your mind, you find it difficult to remove the rose colored glasses from your eyes and let the clarity of reality seep in. We all have the ability to scratch the surface of any culture, to know that Egypt has the Great Pyramids or China with its Great Wall. But when we are fortunate to be given an opportunity to find out how, why, and when, it is then, that our minds have finally declared to be rid of those glasses of ignorance and obtain an insight into a world that is different, unique and scary as could possibly be imagined. The Joy Luck Club provides the gateway into a look at the mysteries of the Chinese culture, adding spice to the mundane of conventional traditions. When attempting to gain insight on a different and unique culture, it is found that the emic perspective is extremely beneficial. The emic is a natives viewpoint of their culture. In the book and after viewing the movie to gain the perspective of the director, each character commentated on the events that took place during their lives. Lindo, who was the recipient of a faulty pre-arranged marriage, discussed her dislikes of the entire ordeal, while still being a submissive and respectful wife until she got out of the marriage. With the use of the emic perspective, one was able to really sense and understand, not only the events taking place, but gain insight on what the character felt and thought. Being able to see the culture through the eyes of a native allowed for a true and concise understanding of what their world is all about because they were able to maintain the reality without crossing into fantasy. The idea of marriage is well displayed in The Joy Luck Club. Everything from blind love, to pre-arrangement to polygamy are characterized as having an acceptable place in Chinese society. The marriage of blind love seems to serve its title well. Ying Ying is captured by the charm of a handsome Chinese man who ultimate...

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

Personal Statement Example Furthermore, during my years in high school, I passed very well in my major subjects and more specifically, anything related to the philosophy of law. On the contrary, I would watch television programmes that were based on the application of law and how the courts of law work. Additionally, I spent a couple of two days a week in my father’s friend’s office who is a solicitor to learn more about law. This was very advantageous to me because I was granted chances to attend magistrate’s courts on numerous occasion. Therefore, apart from my academic prosperity, I believe I am the best candidate to pursue law because I have field experience of the application of the same. In high school, I was the class representative and highly participated in co-curricular activities such as games and sports. I was a basketball player and I enjoyed every bit of the game. During practice sessions, I was given a mandate of being a referee by our school coach because I was quick to administer judgement very fairly. My critical thinking techniques and conflict resolution skills enabled me to be given such responsibilities. I also helped my former classmates to study and improve their GPA in the subjects they were weak at because I saw it as my duty to help them overcome their obstacles. On the other hand, my oral skills are outstanding because I participated in drama and acting, which enabled me to construct accurate and fluent sentences. I was also good at written text and thus my high school career was marvellous. My dream career is being a judge. It is my sincere prayer and hope that given an opportunity to undertake a course in law at the university will mold me into achieving my dreams. I am sure that given the correct guidance and hard work will see me through to achieving all my future plans because I am very gifted at law. It is my belief that my calling was in pursue of law and a great

Culture and Event Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture and Event Management - Essay Example All these goals have been fulfilled through professionally well organized events. These are very worthwhile and attract considerable expressions of support. Events are also held to encourage donations for charities and causes of all kinds. May field and Crompton (1995) observed the generic reasons for staging festivals were recreation/socialization, culture/ education, tourism, internal revenue generation, natural resources, agriculture, external revenue generation, and community pride/spirit. The cultural events not only provided a sense of belonging to people, these also created more jobs and provided employment in wholly new field. The management perspective of an event are organizational management which includes marketing, human resources, finance, controls and evaluation, organization and co-ordination. Hospitality management presenting events as service encounters, quality assurance), tourism destination management comprising competitiveness, image enhancement and marketing (Getz, 2000). The cultural event management involves community participation. A psychological understanding about people is useful to plan event activities. But Are Events An Industry There has been a lot of debate, earlier, about whether to term tourism as industry or not. Similar arguments may be raised regarding events. There is no doubt that events have economic impact, these create jobs and generate income. The sector is also encouraging a new expertise in management. The professionals in this field need to work in close association with the stakeholders besides having usual management qualifications. It is already viewed as a new division of tourism industry. Thus they might be called an industry. As well, many events clearly provide services to industries, such as the use of trade shows or exhibitions in marketing products (Getz 2000). The event management has risen in recent years. It is the part of hospitality, tourism, communication and marketing industry. The demand by consumers seeking professionally managed, technically sound good quality management of their events has given boost to this industry. Moreover, the technology has changed the way artists look at their work and present it. Art is every form of creative and interpretive actions viz. Dance, music, writing, films, visual art, ceramics, sculptures, food preparations, Fashion etc. all reflecting influence of culture and traditions requiring various approaches and specialization in event planning (Yeoman et al., 2004). Thus event management is a multidisciplinary field. A figure adapted from Getz and Frisby (1988 as cited in Getz, 2000) shows effect of these components. External environmental forces include policies, resource availability, and demand/supply factors. Venues and physical settings have to be addressed. The internal event management provides, goal attainment and efficient operations. While business management theories and techniques will prove useful, especially given the necessity for most events to become financially self-reliant (Getz 2000) (Fig. 1). Planning and Management of Events: Prior to planning an event a feasibility study preferably with the need assessment is necessary. It should take the stakeholders into account. The first assessment to be done is cost and benefit after considering the duration, location, key program events.